The "Bakar Batu" Cooking Technique in Papua as a Culinary Treasure of the Indonesian Archipelago

Abstract

The Bakar Batu tradition in the Papuan highlands is a profound culinary and cultural manifestation, yet it remains largely understood through sociological and theological lenses rather than technical gastronomy. This research addresses the gap in scientific documentation regarding the Bakar Batu cooking technique, which is often overlooked as a sophisticated food processing system. Utilizing a qualitative library research method, this study synthesized data from ten scholarly articles to analyze the procedural, technical, and cultural dimensions of this tradition. The findings reveal that Bakar Batu is a highly structured thermal process involving the strategic selection of heat-retentive river stones, precise layering of moisture-rich leaves, and the creation of a pressurized, convection-like environment within an earth pit. This method enables simultaneous steaming and roasting, effectively tenderizing ingredients while maintaining nutritional integrity without external energy sources. Despite its ingenuity, this research is limited by its reliance on existing literature, which lacks empirical data on thermal efficiency and specific chemical transformations. Consequently, it is recommended that future studies incorporate experimental field observations to quantify heat transfer and mineral interactions. The implications of this research are significant, as it elevates Bakar Batu from a purely ritualistic practice to a recognized discipline within gastronomy science. By formalizing the technical procedures of this tradition, this study provides a foundational framework for preserving indigenous culinary wisdom, promoting sustainable cooking practices, and enriching the broader narrative of Nusantara’s culinary heritage. This documentation serves as a vital resource for culinary practitioners, educators, and policymakers aiming to integrate traditional knowledge into modern gastronomy while ensuring the long-term preservation of Papua’s cultural identity